This article will focus on the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments for follicular thyroid cancer. Follicular thyroid cancer makes up about 10% to 15% of all thyroid cancers in the united. Read more about symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, complications, causes and prognosis. Reviewed by suchita pakkala on october 30, 2016 what are the stages of papillary or follicular thyroid cancer in patients age 45 and older. Follicular thyroid carcinoma aftercare instructions.
Bone is the second commonest site of metastases of thyroid cancer after lung. Follicular thyroid cancer, which is a type of neoplasm involving the thyroid gland, resembles the normal thyroid in microscopic pattern. Which statement for thyroid follicular carcinoma is false. Follicular thyroid cancer is the second most common differentiated thyroid cancer histological type and has been overshadowed by its more common counterpartpapillary thyroid cancer despite its unique biological behaviour and less favourable outcomes. The initial treatment for cancer of the thyroid is surgical. Papillary and follicular carcinoma account for 90% of all thyroid carcinoma and they are referred to as differentiated thyroid cancer dtc. Papillary thyroid cancer can occur at any age, but most often it affects people ages 30 to 50.
The bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology the nci conference participants acknowledged the importance of developing a uniform terminology for reporting thyroid fna results. Statistics on survival rates for thyroid cancer are discussed in survival rates for thyroid cancer1. The histological diagnosis of minimally invasive ftc is often made after lobectomy. The tnm stage groupings for these cancers take this fact into account. Follicular carcinoma also called follicular thyroid cancer is called a well differentiated thyroid cancer like papillary thyroid cancer, but it is typically a bit more malignant aggressive than papillary. Follicular thyroid cancer of the 1st degree is distinguished by the diagnosis of a low level of iodine in the patients body. Thyroid carcinoma is the most common malignancy involving the endocrine glands and is responsible for approximately 1.
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer. Pdf follicular thyroid carcinoma is being diagnosed less and less frequently despite the increasing incidence of welldifferentiated thyroid. Follicular carcinoma is a malignant thyroid neoplasm showing follicular cell differentiation but lacking the diagnostic features of papillary carcinoma. Jul 04, 2018 follicular thyroid carcinoma ftc is the second most common cancer of the thyroid, after papillary carcinoma. Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid in association with hyperthyroidism is rare. Thyroid follicular carcinoma an overview sciencedirect topics. Jul 04, 2018 the efficacy of the thyroid peroxidase marker for distinguishing follicular thyroid carcinoma from follicular adenoma. Thyroid cancer is one of the few cancers that has increased in incidence over recent years. Follicular thyroid carcinoma ftc is the second most frequent malignancy of the thyroid gland after papillary cancer and accounts for. Commonly diagnosed between the ages of 30 and 60, although it can occur at any age.
What are the stages of papillary and follicular thyroid. Papillary histology is the most frequent, followed by follicular thyroid cancers 1,2. This section discusses the typical treatment options for your follicular thyroid cancer. Thyroid follicular cells are the thyroid cells responsible for the production and secretion of thyroid hormones. Differentiated papillary or follicular thyroid cancer in patients younger than 55. The therapeutic strategy for minimally invasive ftc, on the other hand, is still a matter of controversy. However, some patients are at high risk for recurrent disease or even death. The rarity of this tumor is probably due to its own lower incidence in comparison to. This algorithm has been developed for md anderson using a multidisciplinary approach considering circumstances particular to md andersons specific patient population, services and structure, and clinical information. Follicular thyroid cancer is the second most common type of thyroid cancer, making up about 10 to up to 15% of all thyroid cancers. Case report of a clearcell variant of follicular thyroid. If you have been diagnosed with thyroid cancer or are worried about it, you likely. Sometimes the follicular cell may look like a normal cell. The thyroid gland is a small, butterflyshaped organ in the front of your neck.
Papillary and follicular thyroid cancer slideshare. Follicular carcinoma is called a well differentiated thyroid cancer like papillary thyroid cancer, but it is typically a bit more malignant aggressive than papillary carcinoma. Mixed medullaryfollicular carcinoma mmfc of thyroid is an extremely rare tumor, characterized by coexistence of morphological and immunohistochemical features of both medullary carcinoma and follicular or papillary carcinoma. The histopathologic classification of these tumors includes papillary thyroid cancer 6080%, follicular carcinoma 1518%, anaplastic carcinoma 310%, medullary carcinoma 45%. The bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology. B, cross section through a large follicular carcinoma that has destroyed the entire thyroid gland, surrounded the trachea t and esophagus e. Sep 14, 2018 follicular thyroid cancer makes up between 10% and 15% of all thyroid cancers in the united states. Controversies regarding the interpretation of follicular thyroid. A, a follicular carcinoma has obliterated the right thyroid lobe, but the left lobe is grossly normal. Impossible to differentiate from follicular adenoma on fna no cytologic differences. European consensus for the management of patients with. The most common form of thyroid cancer, papillary thyroid cancer arises from follicular cells, which produce and store thyroid hormones.
There are marked geographical variations in the relative. Follicular cells use iodine from the blood to make thyroid hormones, which help. In the united states it is estimated that in 2016 approximately 64,000 new patients will be diagnosed with thyroid cancer, compared to over 240,000 patients with breast cancer and 5,000 patients with colon cancer. It cannot be differentiated from follicular carcinoma on cytologic, sonographic or clinical features alone 1. Consensus statement european consensus for the management of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma of the follicular epithelium furio pacini, martin schlumberger1, henning dralle2, rossella elisei3, johannes wa smit4, wilmar wiersinga5 and the european thyroid cancer taskforce.
Follicular neoplasms of the thyroid gland include benign follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma. Follicular and papillary thyroid cancers are considered to be differentiated thyroid cancers. The genes in cells carry hereditary information from parent to child. Although this tumor is well differentiated, it grows invasively and tends to form metastases. Follicular thyroid carcinoma is being diagnosed less and less frequently despite the increasing incidence of welldifferentiated thyroid carcinomas everywhere. Thyroid follicular carcinoma an overview sciencedirect. Epidemiology it typically occurs in women and in an older age group than p. Follicular thyroid cancer is the second most common type of thyroid cancer. Radioiodine ablation after total thyroidectomy is the generally accepted treatment for patients with widely invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma ftc. Pdf follicular thyroid cancer is the second most common thyroid malignancy after ptc.
Doctors sometimes refer to papillary thyroid cancer and follicular thyroid cancer together as differentiated. Treatment is usually surgical, followed by radioiodine. Follicular tumors are another cytological type of thyroid neoplasms, which include follicular adenoma, a benign tumor, and follicular thyroid carcinoma ftc, the malignant form. An inspiration for the thyroid proposal was the bethesda system for reporting cervical cytology interpretations, first developed at an nci workshop in 1988 and. Follicular carcinoma has been clearly defined and it must have been distinguished from follicular adenoma and fv of papillary carcinoma. Treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer papillary, follicular usually begins with a a total or nearly total thyroidectomy removal of both lobes and isthmus of the thyroid gland. It is otherwise known as follicular adenocarcinoma or follicular cancer. Apr 24, 2020 the initial treatment for cancer of the thyroid is surgical. Papillary and follicular thyroid cancer differentiated. Follicular thyroid cancer makes up about 10% to 15% of all thyroid cancers in the united states. Incidence and types of thyroid cancer papillary, follicular. Thyroid cancer is a malignant tumor or growth originating within the thyroid gland. It is the second common type of neoplasm in the thyroid gland. Follicular thyroid cancer accounts for 15% of thyroid cancer and occurs more commonly in women over 50 years of age.
Follicular cancer is also more likely than papillary cancer to spread to distant organs, particularly the lungs and bones. Differentiated thyroid cancers are the most common malignancies arising in thyroid gland, deriving from thyroid follicular cells. However, these prognostic indices have been developed in heterogeneous groups of patients with thyroid cancer, 1 collectively in patients with wdtc, 27 or primarily in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma ptc. The tumor comes from a part of the thyroid gland called follicular cells. Follicular carcinoma an overview sciencedirect topics. Application of immunohistochemistry in thyroid pathology. Clincal aspects follicular carcinoma is more prevalent in women than men and the average age is some ten years older than for papillary carcinoma. Surgery for papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. Follicular thyroid carcinoma ftc is the second most common thyroid malignancy after papillary thyroid carcinoma. The death rate for thyroid cancer increased slightly from 2008 to 2017 0. Thyroid microcarcinoma tmc is defined as a tumor having 10 mm or less as maximum diameter, but some authors have extended this limit to 15 mm.
Papillary thyroid carcinoma ptc belongs to welldifferentiated thyroid cancers, which include also follicular and hurthle cell carcinoma. Papillary thyroid carcinoma commonly metastasizes to cervical lymph nodes. Papillary and follicular differentiated thyroid carcinomas are among the most curable cancers. Papillary thyroid cancer it is a relatively common well differentiated thyroid cancer accounts for 85% of all thyroid cancers it is more common in females than males in more than 50% cases in spreads to lymphnodes of the neck 3. Follicular thyroid cancer has a staging system that is not like other cancers. Follicular cancer is also more likely than papillary cancer to spread to distant organs, particularly the lungs. Also covers radioactive iodine, thyroidectomy, and thyroid hormone replacement. Follicular thyroid cancer is the second most common differentiated thyroid cancer histological type and has been overshadowed by its more common counterpartpapillary thyroid cancerdespite its unique biological behaviour and less favourable outcomes. Clear cell variants of follicular carcinoma are rare types of thyroid cancer. Outcomes and prognostic factors of 251 patients with. Follicular thyroid cancer is the second most common type of thyroid carcinoma. Survivorship thyroid cancer includes papillary, follicular, and medullary carcinoma page 3 of 4 disclaimer.
Follicular thyroid cancer accounts for about 1015% of all thyroid cancers. Moffitts thyroid clinic that provides a rapid response assessment of thyroid nodules, with all diagnostic testing conducted on the same day and results available within a week. The national cancer institute indicates that thyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrinerelated cancer and estimates 64,330 new cases in 2016. The prognosis for its diagnosis is generally favorable. Cancer of the thyroid is the most common endocrine malignancy. Follicular thyroid carcinoma, abbreviated ftc, is an uncommon malignancy of the thyroid gland. Follicular thyroid cancer is the second most common type of thyroid cancer papillary thyroid cancer is the most common thyroid cancer. Follicular cancer can spread to lymph nodes in the neck, but this is much less common than with papillary cancer. Also termed papillary thyroid carcinoma ptc is a differentiated thyroid cancer meaning the cells may resemble normal thyroid tissue. We report a case diagnosed of tfclrt by us to observe the pathological feature and analyze comparatively the clinical and pathologic characteristics with all. Basic facts thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer. Pdf follicular adenoma and carcinoma of the thyroid gland.
Thyroid cancer papillary and follicular the important points to remember are that cancers arising in thyroid nodules generally do not cause symptoms, thyroid function tests are typically normal even when cancer is present, and the best way to find a thyroid nodule is to make sure that your doctor examines your. Sep 12, 2019 but very few reports are available regarding follicular thyroid microcarcinoma mftc. Follicular thyroid cancer and hurthle cell carcinoma. Schmitt ts, elte jw, rietveld ap, van zaanen hc, castro cabezas m.
Follicular carcinoma tends to metastasize to lung and bone via the bloodstream. Share information about papillary and follicular cancer, tsh, rai, low iodine diet, and more. Follicular thyroid cancer diagnosis at moffitt cancer center. Follicular thyroid cancer radiology reference article. The malignant lesion may remain occult for a long time. Thyroid carcinoma nccn guidelines insights thyroid. A certain change in the ret gene that is passed from parent to child inherited may cause medullary thyroid cancer. Thyroid neoplasms arising from follicular cells adenoma, carcinoma, and follicular papillary carcinoma show a broad range of overlapping clinical and cytologic features. To better understand the molecular mechanism for the pathogenesis of follicular thyroid carcinoma ftc, this study aimed at identifying key mirnas and their target genes associated with ftc, as. Malignant cells show vascular space invasion by nearly occluding the lumen of the vessel adjacent to the main mass in the thyroid. Follicular cancer can spread to lymph nodes in the neck, but this. Follicular carcinoma usually manifests as a solitary thyroid mass or, less commonly, as metastatic tumor, particularly in bone.
Papillary thyroid carcinoma ptc and follicular thyroid carcinoma ftc are both welldifferentiated thyroid cancers derived from thyroid follicular epithelium. Certain clinical and cytologic features may be helpful in raising the alarm. Cancer, follicular thyroid statpearls ncbi bookshelf. These sorts of tumors are the most common of all thyroid cancers 70% and are among the most curable cancers. Thyroid follicular carcinoma like renal tumor tfclrt is a rare primary renal epithelial tumor that was first reported in 2006. Ptc follicular variant, follicular adenoma, multinodular goitre with a thick capsule. Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary like nuclear features niftp. The current break point of age in the american joint committee on cancer ajcc staging system for both follicular and papillary thyroid cancer is 55 years of age.
Borderline tumors not cancer yet are equivalent to carcinoma in situ in other organs. Follicular thyroid cancer occurs in a slightly older age group than papillary cancer does and is also less common in children. More than 9 of every 10 people with thyroid cancer have differentiated thyroid cancer. Younger people have a low likelihood of dying from differentiated papillary or follicular thyroid cancer. In the respective chapter of the who classification of tumours of endocrine organs, follicular thyroid carcinoma ftc is defined as a malignant epithelial tumor showing follicular cell differentiation and lacking the diagnostic nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma ptc. Follicular thyroid carcinoma ftc is the second most common cancer of the thyroid, after papillary carcinoma. Sonographic features of thyroid follicular carcinoma in. It is a kind of tumor abnormal growth found in your thyroid gland. Currently, a follicular carcinoma cannot be distinguished from a follicular adenoma based on. Bone metastasis of a follicular thyroid carcinoma originated in a toxic multinodular goiter.
A recent study, however, demonstrated that tumors with such features that are. B, cross section through a large follicular carcinoma that has destroyed the entire thyroid gland, surrounded the trachea t and esophagus e, and invaded adjacent tissue and vasculature. This staging system for follicular thyroid cancer takes into account the age of the patient. Medullary thyroid carcinoma medullary thyroid cancer mtc accounts for about 4% of thyroid cancers.
A pathologic distinction between lowgrade minimally invasive encapsulated and widely invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma as suggested by who 24 is valid for prognosis and has been adopted in guiding treatment of ftc. Follicular thyroid adenoma radiology reference article. Follicular thyroid adenoma is a commonly found benign neoplasm of the thyroid consisting of differentiated follicular cells. Surgery for papillary and follicular thyroid cancer thyca. But this result is somewhat more difficult than with the papillary type of. Article provides an explanation of follicular thyroid cancer symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments. Thyroid cancer is relatively uncommon compared to other cancers. Hurthle hurthle cell cancer also called oxyphil cell carcinoma. Currently, a follicular carcinoma cannot be distinguished from a follicular adenoma based on cytologic, sonographic, or clinical features alone. The exact nature of the surgical procedure to be performed depends for the most part on the extent of the local disease. It develops from the c cells of the thyroid gland, which normally make calcitonin, a hormone that.
You can read our introduction to thyroid cancer article for an overview of the various types of thyroid cancer. However, some patients are at high risk of recurrence or even death. The authors studied the clinical course of 2 patients with ftc to determine whether there was a direct relation between the histologic degree of invasion, tumor recurrence, and patient survival. Thyroidlike follicular carcinoma of the kidney tlfck is a rare entity, with only a few case reports and small case series described in the english literature.
Follicular thyroid cancers usually do not spread to the lymph nodes, but in some cases can spread to other parts of the body, such as the lungs or bones. Clear cell variants of follicular carcinoma are classified as special types of follicular carcinoma in the 7th edition of the general rules for the description of thyroid cancer 4. Thyroglobulin tg can be used as a tumor marker for welldifferentiated follicular thyroid cancer. Hmga2 has been proposed as a marker to identify malignant tumors. If the colloid is strongly and homogeneously eosinophilic, one should give some consideration that it may represent a follicular variant of papillary carcinoma.
1487 735 275 847 1199 1531 1182 469 318 715 318 553 219 1190 523 206 74 749 621 1382 1427 981 806 415 1568 125 525 62 1463 1103 532 161 1239 1150 652 77 463 1347 699 31 272