Icao friction task force itf is working on assessment and reporting of runway surface conditions and it is expected that a global format for reporting runway surface conditions will be. Runway friction testing linear actuator industrial devices. Two international aviation conferences have been held in. Aerodromefacility di rectory, the table for each aerodrome has a subheading rwy data runway data that contains information on the availability of the crfi for the runway. Data obtained during these investigations helped define the methodology for an international runway friction index irfi to harmonize the friction measurements obtained with the different ground test vehicles. L fl friction loss in psi q flow rate in hundreds of gpm c friction loss coefficient l hose length in hundreds of feet hose diameter and type inches coefficient hose diameter and type inches coefficient.
The aibn report notes, however, that airline and airport operators continue to use runway friction measurements as primary data in determining aircraft braking performance. Sep 30, 2008 astm international is one of the largest voluntary standards development organisations in the world, a trusted source for technical standards for materials, products, systems and services. These substances, due to their high waterice content, will have a transparent rather than a. Nac is the leading manufacturer of the most advanced friction measurement devices. Nowhere are aircraft in closer proximity to other aircraft and obstacles such as vehicles, pedestrians and airport structures and equipment than when.
Friction loss tables the irrigation innovators 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 12 14 1 6 1 8 2 0 2 24 26 2 8 3 0 3 5 0 1. Werner kleinebeek research project manager safety analysis and research department. Langley 20 p n96392 unclas g305 0064076 june 1995 national aeronautics and space administration langley research center hampton, virginia 23681. The objective of this research was to develop a correlation between the runway condition rating rcr and runway surface friction measurements for dry and wet unpaved runways supporting c17 aircraft operations. The equipment is used all over the world and needs to operate in extreme temperatures. Runway runway closure time sft pre run pre run snow depth runway open time sft post run post run snow depth et 3 runway runway closure time sft pre run pre run snow depth runway open time sft post run post run snow depth set 3c runway runway closure time 26 24 35 30r 6. Tradewind scientific has carried out the transport canada national runway test program since 1981. Safe operating practice canadian runway friction index measuring mhisopairp011 issue date.
Aug 29, 2008 the friction has been eliminated or compensated any further force which is applied which would be a net force or resultant force will cause the trolley to accelerate and the acceleration of the trolley would then be equivalent to gravitational acceleration if the force is a result of a falling body pulling the trolley. Friction was studied extensively in classical mechanical engineering and. Typically, the water content, density, temperature. National fullscale aerodynamics complex nfac pdf file. Runway friction and strength research international airport. Operation friction was a canadian military operation that saw the contribution of 4,500 canadian forces personnel to the 1991 gulf war. Feldman seattle swift 2012 conference and trade show september 17 20, 2012 john r. Cap 781 runway rehabilitation section 2 page 1 section 2 2. Yager langley research center, hampton, virginia nasatm110,186 friction projects research center nasa tirerunway nasa. This is the basis for two empirical laws of sliding friction, which are often known as amontons laws and date from 1699. Use of continuous friction measurement equipment to predict. Supply a linear actuator with 68mm stroke, 6000n force and 5mms speed. The aircraft braking performance was also tested against a vehicle that measured the international runway friction index irfi. Department of transportation federal aviation administration 800 independence avenue, sw washington, dc 20591 866 tellfaa 866 8355322.
Runway friction measurement program jwrfmp to predict the tire braking action of aircraft by using friction data collected by ground vehicles this paper gives the results of using the international runway friction index irfi to predict the tire braking action of aircraft by using friction data collected by ground vehicles. Astm international is one of the largest voluntary standards development organisations in the world, a trusted source for technical standards for materials, products, systems and services. Friction is measured for each third of the runway, in a direction parallel to the runway centerline. An evaluation of winter operational runway friction. The timely and accurate measurement of runway friction.
International runway friction index irfi versus aircraft. All files would be loaded onto a website, such as perhaps, easas sinapse. The program involves extensive runway friction and roughness measurements at some 100 airports annually. The friction has been eliminated or compensated any further force which is applied which would be a net force or resultant force will cause the trolley to accelerate and the acceleration of the trolley would then be equivalent to gravitational acceleration if the force is a result of a falling body pulling the trolley. Enhancement of surface friction where challenged by water contamination can be achieved by grooving a runway surface to aid more rapid water dispersal. Known for their high technical quality and market relevancy, astm international standards have an important role in the information infrastructure that guides design, manufacturing and trade in the global. Reducing and removing rubber deposits left on the runway have been part of a nasa research project to. The joint faanasa aircraftground vehicle runway friction. Yager senior research engineer nasa langley research center presented at the international forum on aeroelasticity and structural dynamics june 2225, 1999 williamsburg, va abstract some background information is given together with the scope and objectives of a 5year. Runway friction and strength research international.
Use of continuous friction measurement equipment to. Correlation of ground friction measurements to aircraft. International friction index ifi piarc has developed friction slip speed model piarc model as shown in figure 1 and determined golden values of speed number gs and golden value of friction gf60 based on the results of international experiment. Uncertainty limits for an aircraft based runway friction. Push friction tester for helidecks ticks all the boxes friction testing. Mu numbers friction values measured by cfme can be used as guidelines for evaluating the surface friction deterioration of runway pavements and for identifying appropriate corrective actions required for safe aircraft operations. Taca a320 at tegucigalpa on may 30th 2008, overran runway and crashed into embankment by simon hradecky, created wednesday, feb 22nd 2017 23. Adequate runway friction between aircraft tyres and the surface of a runway is of great importance to conduct safe operations. Aircraft and ground vehicle winter runway friction assessment by thomas j. Recent projects also include airfield friction surveys at commercial and military airports in the u. Also, as part of the regulatory regime in canada, airports are required to report the crfi. Available runway friction has a significant impact on aircraft landing performance.
Mhisopairp011 canadian runway friction index measuring page 1 of 2. It is worth noting that the approximate ranges defined in the rcam serve as guidance for mapping a mu value produced by a generic friction measuring device to a runway condition code and they are intended to only be used to downgrade a runway condition code. Runway friction tester, from icao doc 97, part 2, figure 56. Runway friction characteristics measurement and aircraft braking. Canadian runway friction index crfi transport canada aeronautical information manual, 1. Means the average of friction measurements taken on runway surfaces with freezing or frozen contaminants present, using a mechanical or electronic decelerometer. Runway friction characteristics measurement march 2010. Evidence from recent aircraft overrun and veer off accidents on wet runways show that the runway friction characteristics versus aircraft braking performance were often a contributing factor. Rely on nacs airport friction measurement equipment for accurate and repeatable friction data reporting. Contact with aecassowary2, 15, and 27 on 21 and 22 october 1958 subject contact was arranged to permit headquarters debriefing of aecassowary27 regarding his activities at the brussels fair and to discuss the following business topics with aecassowary2. Runway safety is a critical component of that goal. Friction acts tangentially along surfaces in contact, in the direction that opposes motion. The linear actuator was required to raise and lower a wheel for testing the friction on runways.
Typical mu values for an aircraft travelling at 65kmhr would be around 0. International runway friction index irfi, will be keyed to all types of aircraft stopping performance. The larger us components were operation desert shield and operation desert storm operation friction initially saw canadian forces maritime command order the destroyers hmcs terra nova and hmcs athabaskan to assist with enforcing the. Use of continuous friction measurement equipment to predict runway condition rating on unpaved runways. Runway surface friction management practices michael d. Runway friction characteristics measurement and aircraft. Determination of the international friction index ifi using the circular texture meter ctm and the dynamic friction tester dft john jewett henry1 hironari abe2 shuichi kameyama3 akinori tamai 4 atsushi kasahara 5 kazuo saito6 1 professor emeritus, pennsylvania state univ ersity, huntingdon, pennsylvania, u. Taca a320 at tegucigalpa on may 30th 2008, overran. F runway surfaces with very low friction indices, such as those covered with smooth ice and having a canadian runway friction index crfi as low as 0. Known for their high technical quality and market relevancy, astm international standards have an important role in the information infrastructure that guides. Various specifications exist for grooving but most are the same as or close to the faa version, which is 6mm 0. Our team has specialized in the field of friction testing since the 1970s, and our experience has enabled us to design and build the sarsys surface volvo friction tester svft, sarsys surface friction tester transporter sftt, sarsys surface trailer. There is a wide range of physical phenomena that cause friction, this includes elastic and plastic deformations.
Purpose this circular is intended to clarify information with regard to use of the term canadian runway friction index crfi which replaces the james brake index jbi term. This is especially noted when aircraft are landing on wet or otherwise contaminated runways due to the reduced braking action, which has been well documented since the dawn of the jet aircraft age. Cap 781 runway rehabilitation civil aviation authority. Some norwegian airlines have even developed or adopted correlation curves combining aircraft. Runway friction coefficient should be measured at least daily and reported via notam if needed.
Differences between canadian regulations and practices and icao standards, recommended practices and procedures will be published at a future date. Runway friction characteristics measurement and aircraft braking rufab draft final report volume 4 operational friction measurements and runway condition reporting submitted in response to contract. Pdf variation of friction coefficient of airport runway. In canada, the canadian runway friction index crfi is used to translate friction measurements. Canadian runway friction index reporting frequency. Clearly, the more alhs focus on planning and allowing adequate time for the project at all stages, the better prepared they will be for unforeseen events. Dont risk getting your project delayed or shut down for noncompliance.
Our experienced certified airport planners will work with your contractors to make sure theyre following faa standards. In canada, a james brake index jbi chart was developed. Runway friction characteristics measurement and aircraft braking rufab. The average decelerometer reading of each runway is reported as the canadian runway. Hydraulic experiment for friction loss coefficient in noncircular pipe article pdf available in procedia engineering 154. Pdf hydraulic experiment for friction loss coefficient. The canadian runway friction index crfi and the international runway friction index irfi are two major outcomes from these efforts to harmonize ground vehicle friction measurements and to identify the relationship to aircraft stopping performance. Improving airport runway braking analysis through innovative. Scandinavian airport and road systems sarsysasft design, manufactures and markets runway surface friction testing equipment for airports. Nonuniform surface conditions on a runway in canada. Table 2 lists the steadystate friction forces, their rms values and stabilizing distances. Amontons laws of friction can be stated as follows.
They are in fact not original but a rediscovery of work by leonardo da vinci dating from some 200 years earlier. The surface friction tester, the british pendulum test and the greasepatched method were regularly conducted on site for runway pavements over a 24month period of time. The average of the runway friction as measured by a mechanical or electronic decelerometer. Questions canadian runway friction index my company has the following table code \ braking action \ crfi 5 good. As in the case without ultrasonics, the friction forces in the presence of ultrasonic vibrations increase as the speed increases. Mar 16, 2005 adequate runway friction between aircraft tyres and the surface of a runway is of great importance to conduct safe operations. Nacs friction testing equipment computes and records friction and contaminant average for each third of the runway. Aircraft and ground vehicle winter runway friction assessment.
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